KEIO SFC JOURNAL Vol.11 No.2 Higher Education

With the rapid expansion of universities since the late 1950s, 'intellectuals' in the street have been absorbed into part of university professors as 'specialists'. Due to this fundamental transformation, 'journalistic discourse' which has integrated special knowledge with our 'journal (which etymologically means daily) matters' has given way to 'specialism' focusing on narrowly closed research fields. Both university teachers and students should overcome this kind of 'specialism' and share the ability to explain about their own special fields with concrete images so that students could find their learning interesting and understand its social meaning.

Japanese universities are establishing English-based international programs. Inviting more international students from abroad is a make-or-break issue for universities to survive in a competitive environment where the domestic demand for enrollment is expected to decrease. Meanwhile, in contrast to Japan, in Thailand a wide range of international programs have been established in universities responding to the increased domestic needs for graduates whose English ability fits in the globalising labour market. Culture, language and curriculum are the key variables in international learning environments. This paper, a case study of the international program at the Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University, in which the author had an experience teaching, shows how these key variables determine the performance of the program.

This paper begins by considering problems of the recent education policy of foreign students and Japanese language in Japan. Then, the three courses of Japanese language education in SFC are introduced: 1) advanced classes for foreign and returning students in the both faculties, 2) intermediate classes for the students transferred in the fifth semester from Hanoi/Vietnam, and 3) beginner classes for students of Graduate School of Media and Governance and Faculty of Environment and Information Studies studying in English. Some projects conducted by the Japanese language teaching staff are also presented. Finally, future challenges and prospects for Japanese language education in SFC are discussed from the following three viewpoints: philosophy, constructing system, and approach.

In the process of the construction and management of our Acadex Primary School, we have observed the changing relationships between Japan and Congo DRC through the cross-cultural understanding based on the language and culture exchange which has brought about the sustainable, collaborative work and activities in the past 5 years in the local community. We give the insight observation of the meaning and the role of the fieldwork itself.

One of the activities of Prof. Okuda's Laboratory at Shonan Fujisawa Campus, Keio Univeristy, Ahlan wa Sahlan Program (ASP), Academic Exchange Program with Arab Islamic world has celebrated its 10th in 2011. This paper, while looking back the trajectory of its decade, tracing the growth and evolution of the program, reviewing its concept, as well as the future outlook, thinks about the significance of academic exchange activity like this in higher education.

It has been pointed out that needs and importance of career education is getting stronger these days because of changing national policies of education and of changing needs of industrial and social world. Curriculum development and its implementation of career education in higher educational institutions, however, have not been carefully developed. Each university is encouraged to start their own career education programs in accordance with the report by the Central Education Council in January, 2011 and the revised University Establishiment Standards in April, 2011. Most Japanese universities have failed in responding to the needs from the social problems, such as the employment for the new graduates, their adjustment to "world of work" at their first career stage, and their mind-set towards the continuous learning for surviving in this changing society. Our SFC(Shonan Fujisawa Campus) of Keio University has set up the committee of CDP (Career Development Program) since it's foundation in 1990, not only from the viewpoint of the conventional career guidance such as job training and traditional job search support, but also their lifetime career development. Prior to the revised University Establishment Standards in April 2011, SFC has been providing the students "career education" based on the concept of career self-reliance, through the variety of educational learning opportunities including the university courses. That has been encouraging the students to be independent, in terms of social, economical and professional. In other words, SFC has been building up their educational policies and culture through the career education over last 20 years under the Keio Gijuku's spirit of "Independence and Self-respect". SFC has great potential capabilities to make practical, theoretical contribution in this field that Japanese higher educational institutions are still struggling with.

In this note we analyze higher education in mathematics,educational system for teaching mathematics at Japanese universities. Nowadays, Japanese universities have drastically changed and they have accepted more than 50 percent of high school students. However, they have difficulty in teaching mathematics. The system almost malfunction and things are coming to a crisis. We propose a new style and a new standard in teaching mathematics.

Human resource developing programs among universities are getting popular. By using remote lectures, it becomes possible to develop distributed and harmonized education programs among geographically distributed universities. However there are problems to be solved when having multi classroom remote lecture among existing inter-university educational programs. This research developed and operated the environment to solve those problems. It is used at Keio University at Shonan Fujisawa Campus for more than 500 remote lectures. The environment is now an infrastructure for inter-university educational programs.

A structural MRI study of human brain development has become popular. Motor function corresponds to the development of the primary motor area (M1) from early stages after birth. The length of the central sulcus (ILPG), linked to the development of M1, has shown some correlation of handedness. In this study, both the left and right ILPG was compared between groups of adults and infants or of each sex. There is a significant left-right asymmetry of ILPG observed in children and in male groups. This suggested that the factors such as age or sex promote the growth of ILPG in the motor area on the ipisilateral side rather than on the handed side, leading to closer right-left symmetry of ILPG.

The hippocampus is an organ that develops rapidly infolding hippocampal fissures in each hemisphere of the brain during the fetal and infant stages of human development. The shapes of hippocampal infolding retardation that had retained the incomplete infolding have been reported as a cause of epilepsy and pervasive developmental disorders. The shapes of the hippocampal formation were measured in adults using MRI at 3 Tesla with high resolution images. The 11 indices including the conventional angle index of hippocampal infolding indicated that the hippocampal infolding influenced the shapes of the periphery of the hippocampus in the same hemisphere. It was suggested that the developmental spectrum of the hippocampal infolding could be detected by these indices in not only children but also adults.

Anthony Giddens described the independence of individuals in the high-modern society who lost every external norm, proposing a new social order in which their independence is positively evaluated. In his theory, however, individuals regard others either as calculable risk factors or incalculable enemies, with possibilities of a whole violent conflict. In contrast, Ulrich Beck argued that 'self-harm' peculiar to reflexive modernity makes their independence instable. This instability may lead to the alternative relationship with others; encounter with odd 'strangers'. The comparison of Giddens and Beck shows that the danger of a whole conflict between self and others lies in the concept of the 'completed self'. To avoid this conflict, we extract the concept of the 'incomplete self' faced with 'strangers' out of reflexive modernization theory.

We examined the causal structure of long-term memory by two experiments employing free associations. The first experiment, in which participants were presented with sentences describing isolated events and asked to produce free associations, provided the results that the numbers of the cause shared almost the half of all the associations. In order to test the objectivity of the classifications of the free associations showing the cause, we carried out the second experiment, in which different participants were presented with the same sentences but asked to provide any causes or reasons associated with each event. High degrees of correlations were found between the responses from the first experiment and those from the second experiment concerning the items which shared the same meaning between those two experiments and with which more than two participants associated. These findings appear to support the claim that in our knowledge structure 'events' are causally linked and causal relations should be easily retrievable from long-term memory.

Based on the premise that the Rorschach test predicts the manner in which clients demonstrate their ego functions during psychoanalytic psychotherapy, namely regression, patterned psychological defenses and reality testing, the authors studied how Rorschach test results related to the initial interviews of clients in their 20's clinically assessed as borderline personality organization (BPO). The authors found that phenomena characteristic to borderline personality organization, such as splitting of objects and the lack of emotional restraint, which are readily recognizable on the Rorschach, were not expressed directly during the initial interviews but were only narrated as episodes outside of the interviews.